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Microbial or enzymatical methods are suitable for production of rare monosaccharides. Using oxidation and reduction ability of microorganisms, various rare ketoses and polyols can be produce, for example D-tagatose from galactitol by Enterobacter agglomerans strain 221e, L-tagatose from galactitol by Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 40b, L-psicose from allitol by Gluconobacter frateurii IFO 3254, D-tagatose by Aureobasidium pullulans strain 113B, allitol form D-psicose by Enterobacter agglomerans strain 221e and so on. We can produce varlous rare aldoses and ketoses using aldose isomerases, for example L-galactose from L-tagatose by D-arabinose isomerase, and L-ribose from L-ribulose by L-ribose isomerase, ad so on. D-Tagatose 3-epimerase of Pseudomonas sp. ST-24 is very useful for preparation of various rare ketoses, for example D-psicose from D-fructose, D-sorbose from D-tagatose, L-fructose from L-psicose and so on. Using polyol dehydrogenases, aldose isomerases and D-tagatose 3-epimerase, we can design the sultable pathway for production of a certain rare monosaccharide form a suitable substrabe.
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